Facts About Population Growth and Poverty

While the developed world argues over the ethics of issues like birth control and family planning, the poor continue to experience unprecedented population growth.

• From 2017 to 2050, it is expected that half of the world’s population growth will be concentrated in just nine countries: India, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, Ethiopia, the United Republic of Tanzania, the United States of America, Uganda and Indonesia (ordered by their expected contribution to total growth). ¹
• More than three-quarters of the world’s population lives in Africa (17 percent) and Asia (60 percent). ¹
• Africa’s share of the global population is projected to reach 26 percent in 2050 and could reach 40 percent by 2100. ¹
• In all plausible scenarios of future trends, Africa will play a central role in shaping the size and distribution of the world’s population over the next few decades. ¹
• Indigenous peoples account for around 5 percent of the world’s population but 15 percent of people living in poverty. ²
• Amongst the 10 most populous countries in the world, Nigeria’s population, currently the seventh largest in the world, is growing the most rapidly. The population of Nigeria is projected to surpass that of the United States shortly before 2050, at which point it would become the third largest country in the world. ¹
• China (1.41 billion) and India (1.34 billion) remain the two most populous countries of the world, representing 19 and 18 percent of the world’s population, respectively. In 2024, both countries are expected to have roughly 1.44 billion people.¹

Through our programs, we educate those living in poverty to help them understand the issues surrounding population growth to help them grasp the long-term implications of their decisions for themselves, their communities and their countries.

• The world’s population aged 60 or above is growing at a rate of 3 percent per year. ¹
• The number of persons aged 80 or over is projected to increase from 137 million in 2017 to 425 million in 2050, and further to 909 million in 2100. ¹
• The number of older persons in the world is projected to be 1.4 billion in 2030 and 2.1 billion in 2050, and could rise to 3.1 billion in 2100. ¹
• Global fertility is projected to fall from 2.5 children per woman in 2010-2015 to 2.0 in 2095-2100. ¹
• Projections assume that fertility in Africa will fall from 4.7 children per women in 2010-2015 to 3.1 in 2045-2050, reaching a level slightly above 2.1 by 2095-2100. ¹
• Globally, life expectancy at birth is projected to rise from 71 years in 2010-2015 to 77 years in 2045-2050. ¹
• Africa is projected to gain nearly 11 years of life expectancy by mid-century, reaching 71 years in 2045-2050. ¹
• In 2017, 9 percent of the global population was under age 5. ¹
• Young people ages 10–24 account for about 1.8 billion of the world’s population. Ninety percent of them live in developing countries. ²
• Children under 15 years of age represent roughly one quarter of the world’s inhabitants (26 per cent). ¹